Part A: Variety of Organisms
1. Living
organisms:
(a)
Characteristics
(b) Cell
structure and functions of cell Components
(c) Level of
organization
i. Cell e.g.
Amoeba, cheek cell
ii. Tissue, e.g.
epithelial tissues
iii. Organ, e.g.
leaf and heart
iv. Systems,
e.g. reproductive
v. Organisms
e.g. Chlamydomonas
2. Evolution
among the following:
(a). Monera
(prokaryotes), e.g. bacteria and blue green algae.
(b). Protista
(protozoans and protophyta), e.g. Amoeba, Euglena and Paramecium
(c). Fungi, e.g.
mushroom and Rhizopus.
(d). Plantae
(plants)
i. Thallophyta
(e.g. Spirogyra)
ii. Bryophyta
(mosses and liveworts) e.g. Bryachymenium and Merchantia.
iii.
Pteridophyta (ferns) e.g. Dryopteris.
iv.
Spermatophyta (Gymnospermae and Angiospermae)
– Gymnosperms
e.g. Cycads and conifers.
– Angiosperms
(monocots, e.g. maize; dicots, e.g. water leaf)
(e). Animalia
(animals)
i. Invertebrates
– coelenterate
(e.g. Hydra)
–
Platyhelminthes (flatworms) e.g. Taenia
– Nematoda (roundworms)
– Annelida (e.g.
earthworm)
– Arthropoda
(insects) e.g. Millipedes, ticks, mosquito, cockroach, housefly, bee, butterfly
– Mollusca (e.g.
snails)
ii.
Multicellular animals (vertebrates)
– pisces
(cartilaginous and bony fish)
– Amphibia (e.g.
toads and frogs)
– Reptilia (e.g.
lizards, snakes and turtles)
– Aves (birds)
– Mammalia
(mammals)
3.
(a)
Structural/functional and behavioural adaptations of Organism
(b). Adaptive
colouration and its functions
(c). Behavioural
adaptations in social animals
(d). Structural
adaptations in organisms.
Part B: Form
& Functions
1. Internal
structure of a flowering plant
i. Root
ii. Stem
iii. Leaf
(b). Internal
structure of a mammal
2. Nutrition
(a). Modes of
nutrition:
i. Autotrophic
ii.
Heterotrophic
(b) Types of
Nutrition
(c) Plant
nutrition:
i.
Photosynthesis
ii. Mineral
requirements (macro and micro-nutrients)
(d) Animal
Nutrition:
i. Classes of
food substances; carbohydrates, proteins, fats and oils, vitamins, mineral
salts and water
ii. Food tests
(e.g. starch, reducing sugar, protein, oil, fat etc.
iii. The
mammalian tooth (structures, types and functions)
iv. Mammalian
alimentary canal
v. Nutrition
process (ingestion, digestion, absorption, and assimilation of digested
food.
3. Transport
(a). Need for
transportation
(b). Materials
for transportation. Excretory products, gases, manufactured food, digested
food, nutrient, water and hormones)
(c). Channels
for transportation
i. Mammalian
circulatory system (heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries)
ii Plant
vascular system (phloem and xylem)
(d). Media and
processes of mechanism for transportation.
4. Respiration
(a). Respiratory
organs and surfaces
(b). The
mechanism of gaseous exchange in:
i. Plants
ii. Mammals
(c). Aerobic
respiration
(d). Anaerobic
respiration
5. Excretion
(a). Types of
excretory structures: contractile vacuole, flamecell, nephridium, Malpighian
tubule, kidney, stoma and lenticel.
(b). Excretory
mechanisms:
i. Kidneys
ii. lungs
ii. skin
(c). Excretory
products of plants
6. Support and
movement
(a). Tropic,
tactic, nastic and sleep movements in plants
(b). Supporting
tissues in animals
(c). Types and
functions of the skeleton
i. Exoskeleton
ii. Endoskeleton
iii. Functions
of the skeleton in animals
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7. Reproduction
(a). A sexual
reproduction
i. Fission as in
Paramecium
ii. Budding as
in yeast
iii. Natural
vegetative propagation
iv. Artificial
vegetative propagation.
(b). sexual
reproduction in flowering plants
i. Floral parts
and their functions
ii. Pollination
and fertilization
iii. products of
sexual reproduction
(c).
Reproduction in mammals
i. structures
and functions of the male and female reproductive organs
ii.
Fertilization and development. (Fusion of gamates)
8. Growth
(a). Meaning fo
grwoth
(b). Germination
of seeds and condition necessary for germination of seeds.
9. Co-ordination
and control
(a). Nervous
coordination:
i. the
components, structure and functions of the central nervous system;
ii. The
components and functions of the peripheral nervous systems;
iii. Mechanism
of transmission of impulses;
iv. Reflex
action
(b). The sense
organs
i. skin
(tactile)
ii. nose
(olfactory)
iii. tongue
(taste)
iv. eye (sight)
v. ear
(auditory)
(c). Hormonal
control
i. animal
hormonal system
– Pituitary
– thyroid
– parathyroid
– adrenal gland
– pancreas
– gonads
ii. Plant
hormones
(phytohormones)
(d). Homeostasis
i. Body
temperature regulation
ii. Salt and
water regulation
Part C: Ecology
1. Factors affecting
the distribution of Organisms
i. Abiotic
ii. Biotic
2. Symbiotic
interactions of plants and animals
(a) Food chains,
food webs and trophic levels
(b) Energy flow
in the ecosystem.
(c) Nutrient
cycling in nature
i. carbon cycle
ii. water cycle
iii. Nitrogen
cycle
3. Natural
Habitats
(a) Aquatic
(e.g. ponds, streams, lakes seashores and mangrove swamps)
(b)
Terrestrial/arboreal (e.g. tree-tops of oil palm, abandoned farmland or a dry
grassy (savanna) field, and burrow or hole.
4. Local (Nigerian)
Biomes)
(a). Tropical
rainforest
(b). Guinea
savanna (southern and northern)
(c). Sudan
Savanna
(d). Desert
(e). Highlands
of montane forests and grasslands of the Obudu, Jos, Mambilla Plateau.
5. The Ecology
of Populations:
(a) Population
density and overcrowding.
(b) Factors
affecting population sizes:
i. Biotic (e.g.
food, pest, disease, predation, competition, reproductive ability).
ii. Abiotic
(e.g. temperature, space, light, rainfall, topography, pressure, pH,
etc.
(c). Ecological
succession
i. primary
succession
ii. secondary
succession
6. SOIL
(a)
characteristics of different types of soil (sandy, loamy, clayey)
i. soil
structure
ii. porosity,
capillarity and humus content
iii. Components
of the soil
i. inorganic
ii. organic
iii. soil
organisms
(b) Soil
fertility:
i. loss of soil
fertility
ii. Renewal and
maintenance of soil fertility
7. Humans and
Environment
(a) Diseases:
i Common and
endemic diseases.
ii. Easily
transmissible diseases and disease
syndrome such
as:
– poliomyelitis
– cholera
– tuberculosis
– sexually
transmitted disease/syndrome (gonorrhea, syphilis, AIDS, etc.
(b). Pollution
and its control
(i) sources,
types, effects and methods of control.
(ii) Sanitation
and sewage
(c) Conservation
of Natural Resources
(d) Game
reserves and National parks
Part D: Heredity
and Variations
1. Variation in
Population
(a).
Morphological variations in the physical appearance of individuals.
(i) size
(height, weight)
(ii) Colour
(skin, eye, hair, coat of animals, scales and feathers.
(iii)
Fingerprints
(b).
Physiological variation
(i) Ability to
roll tongue
(ii) Ability to
taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC)
(iii) Blood
groups
(c). Application
of discontinuous variation in crime detection, blood transfusion and
determination of paternity.
2. Heredity
(a) Inheritance
of characters in organisms;
i) Heritable and
non-heritable characters.
(b) Chromosomes
– the basis of heredity;
(i) Structure
(ii) Process of
transmission of hereditary characters from parents to offspring.
(c) Probability
in genetics and sex determination.
(d) Application
of the principles of heredity in:
i) Agriculture
(ii) Medicine
(e). Sex –
linked characters e.g. baldness, haemophilia, colour blindness, etc.
Part E:
Evolution
1. Theories of
evolution
(a) Lamarck’s theory
(b) Darwin’s
theory
(c) organic
theory
2. Evidence of
evolution
Jamb Biology
Syllabus 2022 Recommended Textbook
Ndu, F.O. C.
Ndu, Abun A. and Aina J.O. (2001) Senior Secondary School Biology: Books 1 -3,
Lagos: Longman
Odunfa, S.A.
(2001) Essential of Biology, Ibadan: Heinemann
Ogunniyi M.B.
Adebisi A.A. and
Okojie J.A.
(2000) Biology for Senior Secondary Schools: Books 1 – 3, Macmillan
Ramalingam, S.T.
(2005) Modern Biology, SS Science Series. New Edition, AFP
Stan. (2004)
Biology for Senior Secondary Schools. Revised Edition, Ibadan: Heinemann
Stone R.H. and
Cozens, A.B.C. (1982) Biology for West African Schools. Longman
Usua, E.J.
(1997) Handbook of practical Biology 2nd Edition, University Press, Limited
